1. And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched him.
2 And, behold, there was a certain man before him which had the dropsy {GK=hudropikos, lit., 'watery in appearance', ie., swollen with fluid}.
This is the only mention of Jesus healing anyone with this ailment.
3 And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?
4 And they held their peace. And he took [him], and healed him, and let him go;
5 And answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the sabbath day?
6 And they could not answer him again to these things.
Parable of the ambitious guest.
(This incident is unique to Luke's Gospel.)
7. And he put forth a parable to those which were bidden {ie., invited}, when he marked how they chose out the chief rooms {places of honor};
{'chief rooms' is GK=protoklisia, lit., first place reclined seats. (The custom was to eat in a semi-reclined position.)}
saying unto them,
8 When thou art bidden of any [man] to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room {chief place (as in v.7)}; lest a more honourable man than thou be bidden of him;
9 And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room {GK=topos, place, position}.
10 But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have worship {GK=doxa, honor, praise} in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee. {Prov 25:6,7}
11 For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; {Prov 15:33; Jam 4:6} and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted. {Isa 57:15; Mat 5:3}
12 Then said he also to him that bade him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor [thy] rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence
{repayment} be made thee.
13 But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:
14 And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense {repay} thee: for thou shalt be recompensed {repaid} at the resurrection of the just.
(Cf. Mat 22:1-14 where the Book Notes also consider the passage below.)
15. And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these things, he said unto him, Blessed [is] he that shall eat bread in the kingdom of God.
16 Then said he unto him, A certain man made a great supper, and bade many:
17 And sent his servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; for all things are now ready.
18 And they all with one [consent] began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I must needs go and see it: I pray thee have me excused.
19 And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them: I pray thee have me excused.
20 And another said, I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come.
21 So that servant came, and shewed his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind.
22 And the servant said, Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room.
23 And the lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel [them] to come in, that my house may be filled.
24 For I say unto you, That none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper.
25. And there went great multitudes with him: and he turned, and said unto them,
26 If any [man] come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. {cp. Deu 13:6-8; Psa 73:25,26}
The emotions 'love' and 'hate' are comparative.
Compared to his love for Christ, a believer's natural affections may seem like hate. cp. Mat 12:47-50
Yet, in Christ, a believer's natural affections are sanctified and lifted to the level of the divine love. cp. Joh 19:26,27; Eph 5:25-28
[This note was adapted from the ScofRB.]
27 And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, cannot be my disciple.
As Christ gave Himself for us, He requires those who would follow Him to give Him their 'all' (anything less is unacceptable). cp. Titus 2:11-14; Rom 12:1,2
In the balance of this chapter, 'would be' disciples are weighed according to this standard.
-- Parable of the 'would be' tower builder.
(The cost and difficulty of true discipleship is outweighed, by the Lord's all sufficient resources.)
28 For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the cost, whether he have [sufficient] to finish [it]? {Eph 1:15-23; Php 4:19; Col 1:27}
29 Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to finish [it], all that behold [it] begin to mock him,
30 Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish. {cp. Heb 6:11,12; 10:38,39}
-- Parable of the king who 'would be' going to war.
(Satan's overwhelming opposition against a true disciple is outweighed, by the Lord's overcoming power.)
31 Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down first, and consulteth {cp. Prov 20:18; 25:8} whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand? {cf. 1Sam 14:6; 17:47; Zech 4:6; Rom 8:31}
32 Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, and desireth conditions of peace. {cf. Jam 4:4}
33 So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple. {cp. 1Joh 2:15-17; 1Joh 5:4,5}
-- Parable of the savorless salt.
(Conformity with the world is outweighed, by a true disciple's separation unto the Lord and His righteousness, which reproves the sinful world.)
34 Salt [is] good: {Salt is a purifying agent. Lev 2:13 (cp. Rom 12:1,2); Col 4:5,6; cp. Eph 5:8-11} but if the salt have lost his savour {GK=moraino, has become dull, has become foolish}, wherewith shall it be seasoned {GK=artuo, be fit, be ready}?
35 It is neither fit for the land {soil}, nor yet for the dunghill; [but] men cast it out. {cp. Joh 15:6}
Unfit salt is 'good for nothing.' Being worthless for seasoning food, improving the soil, or tempering the manure pile, it is discarded as waste. cp. Titus 1:15,16
He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
He who calls us to "Follow Me," also cautions us that discipleship requires